Family Provision Claims – the difference between states

Contesting a Will: The difference between claims in each state of Australia

Losing a loved one is incredibly difficult. Discovering you have been left out of their will, or provided for inadequately, can add significant financial and emotional stress to an already challenging time.

Australian law recognises that a will-maker has a moral duty to provide for certain close family members and dependants. If a will fails to make adequate provision for the proper maintenance and support of an eligible person, the will can be challenged in court. This process is known under a variety of names, most commonly as a family provision claim.

At Segelov Taylor Lawyers, we are specialists in this complex area of law. We understand the sensitivity required and have the expertise to guide you through the process with compassion and strength.
The laws governing these claims vary significantly between each Australian state and territory. It is crucial to understand the specific rules that apply to your situation, particularly the strict time limits. This guide provides an overview of the key differences across the country, with links to the relevant legislation for your reference.

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New South Wales (NSW)

  • Name of Claim: Family Provision Claim
  • Legislative Basis: Chapter 3 of the Succession Act 2006 (NSW).
  • Time Limit: An application must be filed with the court within 12 months from the date of death. The court can grant an extension, but only if there is sufficient cause for the delay, as outlined in Section 58 of the Act.
  • Who Can Claim? Under Section 57, an “eligible person” includes:
    • The spouse or de facto partner of the deceased.
    • A child of the deceased.
    • A former spouse of the deceased.
    • A person who was, at any particular time, wholly or partly dependent on the deceased and who is a grandchild or was a member of the deceased’s household.
    • A person who was living in a “close personal relationship” with the deceased at the time of their death.
  • Key Difference for NSW – Notional Estate: New South Wales is unique in Australia due to its “notional estate” provisions. This is a powerful legal tool that allows the Supreme Court to designate property that is not legally part of the deceased’s estate as “notional estate.” This means assets transferred out of the estate before death or assets that don’t automatically form part of an estate (like some superannuation death benefits) can be clawed back to satisfy a family provision claim.

Victoria (VIC)

  • Name of Claim: Testator’s Family Maintenance (TFM) Claim
  • Legislative Basis: Part IV of the Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic).
  • Time Limit: An application must be made within 6 months from the date the grant of probate or letters of administration is made, as required by Section 99.
  • Who Can Claim? The definition of an “eligible person” is detailed in Section 90 and is more specific than in other states. It includes:
    • A spouse or domestic partner.
    • A child (including an adopted child or stepchild) who is under 18, a full-time student aged 18-25, or suffering from a disability.
    • An adult child who does not meet the criteria above (this is a difficult category and requires proof that the person is unable to provide adequately for their own proper maintenance and support).
    • A registered caring partner.
    • A grandchild or member of the household in certain circumstances where they were dependent on the deceased.
  • Key Difference for VIC: The eligibility criteria for adult children are significantly stricter than in other states, placing a higher burden on them to prove their need for provision.

Queensland (QLD)

    1. Give written notice to the executor of your intention to claim within 6 months of the date of death.
    2. File the application in court within 9 months of the date of death.
  • Who Can Claim? Eligible applicants are listed in Section 41 and are limited to:
    • The deceased’s spouse (including a de facto partner or civil partner).
    • The deceased’s child (including a stepchild or adopted child).
    • A dependant (a person being wholly or substantially maintained by the deceased, who is a parent of the deceased, the parent of a surviving child under 18 of the deceased, or a person under the age of 18).
  • Key Difference for QLD: The two-step time limit is a crucial procedural requirement that claimants must follow.

Western Australia (WA)

  • Name of Claim: Family Provision Claim
  • Legislative Basis: Family Provision Act 1972 (WA).
  • Time Limit: An application must be made within 6 months from the date the grant of probate or letters of administration is made, as stipulated in Section 7(2)(a).
  • Who Can Claim? Section 7 lists eligible persons as:
    • A spouse or de facto partner.
    • A person receiving or entitled to receive maintenance as a former spouse or de facto partner.
    • A child of the deceased.
    • A grandchild in limited circumstances.
    • A stepchild who was being maintained by the deceased.
    • A parent of the deceased.
  • Key Difference for WA: The inclusion of parents, and the specific circumstances under which grandchildren and stepchildren can claim, are important features of WA law.

Tasmania (TAS)

  • Name of Claim: Testator’s Family Maintenance Claim
  • Legislative Basis: Testator’s Family Maintenance Act 1912 (Tas).
  • Time Limit: Tasmania has one of the shortest time limits in Australia. Per Section 11, an application must be made within 3 months from the date of the grant of probate or letters of administration.
  • Who Can Claim? The categories, defined in Section 3A, are relatively narrow:
    • The spouse or a person in a “significant relationship” with the deceased.
    • The children of the deceased.
    • The parents of the deceased, if left without adequate means of support.
    • A former spouse who was receiving maintenance from the deceased.
  • Key Difference for TAS: The extremely short 3-month time limit is the most critical factor. Urgent legal advice is essential if you wish to make a claim in Tasmania.

Australian Capital Territory (ACT) & Northern Territory (NT)

Both territories have similar, broad definitions for who can make a claim.
 
  • Name of Claim: Family Provision Claim (ACT) / Family Provision Application (NT)
  • Legislative Basis: Family Provision Act 1969 (ACT) / Family Provision Act 1970 (NT).
  • Time Limit: In both the ACT (Section 9) and the NT (Section 9), an application must be made within 12 months from the date the grant of probate or letters of administration is made.
  • Who Can Claim? The definitions of eligible persons are broad and can be found in the ACT’s Section 7 and the NT’s Section 7. They include:
    • A spouse or de facto partner.
    • A child or stepchild.
    • A grandchild.
    • A parent.
    • A person who was in a relationship of dependence with the deceased.

South Australia (SA)

  • Name of Claim: Succession Act
  • Legislative Basis: Succession Act 2023
  • Time Limit: An application must be made within 6 months from the grant of probate or letters of administration, according to Section 118.
  • Who Can Claim? Section 115 of the Act allows claims from:
    • The spouse or domestic partner of the deceased.
    • A former spouse or domestic partner who was entitled to receive maintenance from the deceased.
    • A child of the deceased.
    • A grandchild of the deceased.
    • A parent or sibling of the deceased who can prove they cared for or contributed to the maintenance of the deceased.
  • Key Difference for SA: The potential eligibility of parents and siblings is a broader provision than in many other states, though they must meet the specific criteria of having cared for or contributed to the deceased.

Have You Been Left Out of a Will? Act Quickly.

As you can see, the laws surrounding family provision claims are complex and vary greatly across Australia. The most critical factor is time. The time limits are strict, and failing to act within them can mean losing your right to make a claim forever.

If you believe you have been unfairly left out of a will or not been given what you need for your future, it is vital to seek expert legal advice immediately.

The team at Segelov Taylor Lawyers specialises in estate disputes and family provision claims. We can provide you with clear, confidential advice on your rights and the strength of your potential claim.

Contact us today for a no-obligation consultation and let us help you secure the provision you deserve.

FAQ

Courts in all states in Australia generally expedite all lung cancer claims. 

The claims can be completed very quickly, particularly when the plaintiff is very sick.  In some cases, claims have been started and finished within a week. 

When normal expedition applies, claims usually take between three and six months to complete after the claim is filed. 

Yes, absolutely. This is the most common concern we address, and the answer is clear. The law recognises that asbestos exposure and smoking have a synergistic effect, meaning their combined risk is far greater than either risk alone.1 If your work history exposed you to significant levels of asbestos, that exposure is considered a material cause of your lung cancer. The company that negligently exposed you cannot use your smoking history to avoid its responsibility. We have successfully secured compensation for many clients who were also smokers.

Provided the claim has been commenced in your lifetime, full damages are available. 

Historically, a claim needed to be completed in a person’s lifetime to recover damages for pain and suffering which is usually the most significant part of a claim.  However, the law has been changed over the last 15-30 years in all states so that as long as proceedings are filed in your lifetime, rights are preserved.  Your estate can continue your claim and recover damages for pain and suffering and loss of expectation of life.  The entitlement to some compensation, primarily future economic loss may be affected. 

  1. The first step is to meet with Tanya or David who will take a detailed history, including as to where you were exposed to asbestos and provide you some initial advice.  We will provide a costs disclosure and some authorities enabling us to obtain detailed information.
  2. We will then conduct some further enquiries to confirm the diagnosis and more more information about who may be liable.  We will provide detailed advice on a claim and may seek your instructions to begin a common law claim (the process in Qld is slightly different as a Workcover claim will usually be made at this stage). 
  3. If you so instruct, we will commence proceedings on your behalf .  At this stage, the general damages are protected for the benefit of your estate.
  4. There will be a process of further investigations, and information exchange with the defendant.  This process is different in each state.
  5. We will put an offer to the other side to settle the claim.
  6. The matter will proceed to a settlement conference, also known as a mediation.  Most matters settle at or around this time, although if they do not, they can settle at any later stage as well.
  7. If your matter does not settle at or around mediation, your claim will proceed to a court hearing.  Following a hearing the judge will issue a judgment as to liability and the amount of compensation to be paid.

You can claim compensation.

From a legal perspective, the answer is that each exposure caused the disease. Expert evidence accepted by Courts in Australia is that each exposure that is not de minimis (a legal term meaning too small to be meaningful or taken into consideration) and which occurred in the latency period (at least 10 –20 years prior to exposure) is a cause of any lung cancer which later develops.

If you have been exposed in multiple places you can obtain full compensation by suing in respect of any of the places you were exposed.

You cannot ‘double-dip’.

Typically, “cross-claims” will occur if you have been exposed at multiple places, which operates to share the costs of compensation among the defendants.  

Icare compensation (NSW Statutory compesnation) and common law claims are provide different compensation.  

Almost everyone who receives compensation from icare Dust Disease Care would be entitled to additional compensation by way of a common law claim. These claims do not impact or reduce the icare benefit and are generally worth significantly more than the icare benefit. 

The legal system prioritises claims for people with asbestos-related diseases due to the seriousness of the illness. While every case is unique, these claims are treated with urgency by the courts and tribunals. Most asbestos-related lung cancer claims are resolved within 6-9 months, and often much sooner. The majority of cases are settled through negotiation, without the need for a final court hearing, which helps to secure your compensation as quickly as possible.

 

You don’t need to have all the proof ready to speak with us.

Our expert team will handle the investigation for you. The key evidence we will gather includes a detailed account of your work history to identify where and when you were exposed to asbestos, and medical reports that confirm your lung cancer diagnosis. We also look for clinical evidence of asbestos damage, such as the presence of asbestosis.

We have extensive experience in building strong cases, even when the exposure happened decades ago.

This is a very common situation and does not prevent a successful claim. Companies that exposed workers to asbestos were required to have insurance. Our firm maintains an extensive database of historical insurance records for companies across Australia, even those that ceased operating many years ago.  We will trace the correct insurer and bring the claim against them to secure your compensation.

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